There鈥檚 some bad news in the Great Lakes and it鈥檚 all about the sea lamprey, an eel-like creature that literally sucks the life out of fish. They do a lot of damage and now they鈥檙e on the rise in some lakes.
That trend has stumped scientists.
A jar thuds on a table in Helen Domske鈥檚 office at the University at Buffalo. It鈥檚 a clear, large, one gallon container, just like the ones found in grocery stores, filled with crisp, green, dill pickles.
But, in this case it鈥檚 filled with a liquid solution, and a preserved gray corpse of a sea lamprey.
鈥淭hey鈥檙e pretty gnarly looking," she says. "Here鈥檚 one you can see the teeth on it. It actually has teeth all over its mouth. And they鈥檙e pretty fierce. They really do a number.鈥�
Domske is an educator for New York Sea Grant. She travels to schools and to public events to raise awareness about invasive species like the lamprey. She鈥檚 concerned about a new report from the Great Lakes Fishery Commission.
It says sea lamprey numbers have jumped in Lake Erie over the last three years. The trend is the same in Lake Superior, though their numbers are dropping in the other lakes.
Marc Gaden is with the fishery commission in Michigan and works with the lamprey control program.
鈥淟amprey is probably the worst of the invaders that have come into the great lakes, there鈥檚 no question about that,鈥� he says.
Each adult can kill about 40 pound of fish in its lifetime. They burrow their tongues into fish and drain out blood. They especially hit lake trout.
Before lamprey control began in the 1950s, more than 100 million pounds of fish were lost in the Great Lakes every year. Now that鈥檚 dropped to about 10 million pounds.
So far, Gaden says, scientists haven鈥檛 pinpointed a reason for the uptick in Erie and Superior.
But, there are a few theories. One is that sea lampreys have more nesting sites 鈥� due to habitat restoration in the Lake Erie watershed.
鈥淚t鈥檚 kind of a two-edged sword. As we clean up the environment it makes it more hospitable,鈥� Domske says. 鈥淪ome of these creeks maybe didn鈥檛 have lamprey in them. But now as we really focus on water pollution and trying to control the pollution levels we鈥檝e really created more habitat for them.鈥�
Weather patterns could be a factor as well 鈥� affecting the way sea lamprey spawn.
鈥淭he other thing too, is the lamprey numbers went down significantly, after those two very cold winters 2014 and 2015, as you remember were really cold," she says. "And so the numbers may have gone down just because, in the spring the streams were so cold."
But the past two winters have been mild 鈥� leading to a better spawning season.
Gaden says there鈥檚 still more work to do, to keep the creature at bay.
鈥淭he problem with Lamprey is that they are resilient, they work very hard to spread their range they will find new habitat and infest it,鈥� Gaden says. 鈥淭here鈥檚 lots of fish in the lakes for them to eat and there鈥檚 nothing keeping them in check except for us.鈥�
His group is working with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to get the lamprey numbers back on target.
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